Thursday, October 20, 2005

Washington & Lee - October 20, 2005

T.F.S.
Three, five, and seven
3 5 7
By Ed Halpaus, Grand Lodge Education Officer.
Number 61 – October 20, 2005

This publication, while it is printed with the permission of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of A.F. & A. M. of Minnesota, contains the writings and opinions of Ed Halpaus and is not in any way the opinion of the Grand Lodge of Minnesota.

“Where once we dwelt our name is here no more, children not mine have trod my nursery floor; and where the gard’ner Robin, day by day, drew me to school along the public way, delighted with my bauble coach, and wrapt in scarlet mantle warm, and velvet capt, ‘tis now become a history little known.” William Cowper in ‘To Mary.’

I recently bought a used school book, printed in 1929, that had some information I was interested in. In it there were a couple of letters reproduced that General Robert E. Lee had sent to two of his children; one to one of his daughters and one to his oldest son, George Washington Custis Lee. I put the letter to his son into the October 10th issue of my publication ‘More Light or Mehr Licht’ you may remember seeing it there, but for those who do not get that publication sent directly to them I will attach it to this publication along with the normal attachments.

I had plans to write something in T.F.S. about George Washington for one of the November issues, because Brother Washington was made a Mason in November, and since most of the articles about him are written for February releases I thought November would be fine month to write something about him.

A while ago, I was asked to give a talk at a Lodge here in Minnesota, for their Washington’s Birthday Dinner. It was a fine evening, and I don’t say that because I was there to speak. They had it in the town’s new civic center building and the School Choir was there to sing for entertainment. The room was full of some of the nicest people in the area; the Masons of the Lodge and their wives. Well anyway when I was preparing my talk for that event, I put together a talk that was more about Brother Washington’s personal life than his military life. There has been more written about George Washington than any other American, so while it isn’t too difficult to learn something about him it sometimes is hard to put together some information about him that is not so well known, and this is what I was trying to do.

Well, in the talk I mentioned how when George Washington was about 15 in 1747 & 48 he wrote in his diary about a girl he called his ‘lowland beauty,’ this young lady’s name was Lucy Grymes. It shouldn’t surprise many men to know that as a young man our Brother Washington was fond of the ladies.

Well, his childhood romances, like many of ours, did not last or bloom into anything of a lasting nature. Brother Washington grew up and eventually Married Martha Dandridge Custis, a widowed lady who had a couple of children. And as almost always happens old girlfriends usually find the love of their lives too and wind up marrying and raising families, and that’s what Miss Lucy Grymes did. She married Henry Lee II, (believed to be a Mason, but no proof found,) and this couple had two children named Henry Lee III, (a Mason,) and Richard Bland Lee, (Bland being the maiden name of Henry’s mother.) Now Henry Lee III became a trusted officer and friend of General George Washington during the Revolutionary War; he is known in history as Henry ‘Light Horse Harry’ Lee. So the son of one of the girls Brother Washington was keen on in his youth became a most capable officer and trusted friend of our Brother. In fact, it was Light Horse Harry who, when asked to deliver a tribute to his beloved General and Friend, described him for posterity. The first part of this quote from him is well remembered, but it also has an important second line: “First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen … second to none in the humble and enduring scenes of private life.” Brother Henry ‘Light Horse Harry’ Lee was a member of Hiram Lodge #59 of Westmoreland County, Virginia. You may already know this, but one of Light Horse Harry’s sons was Robert Edward Lee; he actually had five children and Robert E. Lee was the youngest.
George and Martha Washington raised her two children, John and Martha Custis. John Custis was called ‘Jack’ and Marta Custis was called ‘Patsy.’ From all accounts they had a happy childhood provided by George and Martha. Jack married Nellie Calvert on February 3, 1774. Jack and his wife had a son and they named him George Washington Park Custis, in honor of George Washington. When George Washington Parke Custis’ father died he went to live with his Grandparents who raised him as their own son. He and his Grandfather, our Brother Washington, were very close. Young George Washington Parke Custis was and is known as the adopted son of George Washington, and he certainly considered himself as his adopted son. He was called Washington, or “Wash” for short.

George Washington Parke Custis became a Colonel in the U.S. Army and fought in the war of 1812 later he became a playwright and a historian on Washington. He also was the heir to all of Washington’s property and papers, and he housed them in Arlington House which he built in 1804. George Washington Parke Custis married Mary Fitzhugh, and to this marriage was born a daughter named Mary Anna Custis, who grew up to marry Robert Edward Lee, son of Henry ‘Light Horse Harry’ Lee. So, in this way the family of Robert E. Lee and George Washington became linked. From all evidence George Washington Parke Custis was a fine man and a great father and grandfather, in addition he and his Son-in-law Robert E. Lee got along famously, which is evidenced by the fact that Robert E. Lee named his eldest son after his Father-in-law. After the death of his wife’s father Lee said: "[He] has been for me all a father could, and whom I never cease fondly to regard and love as such."

George Washington Custis Lee, the son Robert E. Lee wrote the letter to, was born in 1832 and while growing up was called at times “Boo” or “Bunny.” It appears that the Lees and the Washington’s were big on nicknames for their kids. George Washing Custis Lee was a cut-up and a trouble maker as a child but he became a serious and capable man; he graduated at the top of his class from the United States Military Academy in 1854, and after graduation he pursued a military career. He was a fine horseman, but not as good as his younger brother “Rooney,” (William Fitzhugh Lee.) George Washing Custis Lee never married. In May 1861 he resigned his commission in the U.S. Army and joined the army of the C.S.A. serving as aide-de-camp to President Jefferson Davis. During his service in the Civil War he attained the rank of Brigadier General. In 1863 he volunteered to take his brother “Rooney’s’ place as a prisoner of war so that Rooney could come home to be with his dying wife.

After the war ended he was a Professor of Military Science and Engineering at the Virginia Military Institute. And in 1871, after the death of his father, he succeeded his father as president of Washington College, which is now Washington and Lee University. He died in 1913.

Arlington House, which was built by George Washington Parke Custis was where the Lee family lived prior to and after the Civil War. It was at Arlington House that George Washington Parke Custis housed the artifacts and papers from his Washington inheritance. Arlington House was completed in 1818, and Custis intended it to not only be a home but also to serve as a memorial to his adopted father. After his daughter Mary Anna married Lieutenant Robert E. Lee the young couple eventually came to live at Arlington House and where George Washington Parke Custis continued to live in his apartments in the north wing of the mansion. Because of this, George Washington Parke Custis was a prominent figure and a positive influence on the seven Lee children. At his death in 1857 Arlington House was inherited by his only living child Mary Anna Lee, and at her death in 1873 ownership passed to George Washington Custis Lee. Robert E. and Mary Lee are buried on the campus of Washington and Lee University in Virginia.

“No great man lives in vain. The history of the world is but the biography of great men.”
Thomas Carlyle

George Washington through his adopted son through his daughter’s marriage to Robert E. Lee will always remind me of the connection of our Brother to our more modern times. While it is said there are no descendents of George Washington, through the Lee family there are.

Our Brother George Washington was made a Mason November 4, 1752 in Fredericksburg Lodge, which later became Fredericksburg Lodge #4 in the Grand Lodge of Virginia. On March 3, 1753


he was passed to the degree of Fellow Craft. On August 4, 1753 when Brother Washington was Raised to the Sublime Degree there was also another degree that night when candidate Thomas James was initiated.

“From the minutes of the Lodge at Fredericksburg” the following is quoted:

“ 4th November Charles Lewis & George Washington entered an Apprentice. 3rd March George Washington passed to Fellow Craft

4th August 5753 [1753], which day the Lodge being assembled present, Right Worshipful Daniel Campbell, [Master], I. Neilson, S.W. Robert Halkerson, J.W., George Washington, James Strakan, Alexander Wodrow, Secretary Pro Tem, Thomas Robertson, William McWilliams, Treasurer. Transactions of the evening are – George Washington Raised Master Mason, Thomas James, Entered Apprentice.

It is thanks to the Secretary of his Lodge we have a record of his degree nights. The Secretary is important to a Lodge, and who knows but something a Secretary of your Lodge may have recorded will someday be of historic importance in the future.

I would like to suggest two things that might be something special to do to remember our Brother George Washington; use the prayer that follows in Lodge, and give a special thanks to your Lodge secretary for all he does, reminding him that what he records may be historically important sometime in the future.

Our Brother George Washington repeated his obligation in the degrees on a Bible printed by John Field, of Cambridge England, in 1668. That Bible is still in the Lodge Room of Fredericksburg Lodge # 4 of the Grand Lodge of Virginia. Written on the fly -leaf of that Bible is a Prayer that most likely was given by the Lodge Chaplain in 1752 & 1753 when Washington became a member of that Lodge. Here is the Prayer:

“O God, Divine Architect of the Universe,
We bow with gratitude to thy Omnipotence.
We acknowledge Thee as the Creator and
Preserver of all things. We thank Thee
For Thy daily blessings conferred on us
In all our undertakings, more particularly,
O God, we crave Thy presence at this meeting.
Do Thou preside over us in the spirit of
Peace, Love and Charity, and to Thy Holy
Name be power and Dominion, forever, Amen.”


More Light – Mehr Licht ©, Masonic Matters © and T.F.S. ©, are sent out by E-mail at no charge to anyone who would like to receive them. If you enjoy these publications please share them with others. To subscribe to any one or all of these publications just send an E-mail to ed@halpaus.net with Subscribe and the title of the publication you want, or ‘all 3’, in the subject line and you will be added to the list to receive the publication you want.

Please note: My new E-mail Address is – ed@halpaus.net If you wish please add this to your address book, since I will be phasing out my old E-mail address.

Stat magni nominis umbra = [Latin] = There remains the shadow of a great name.

From the Great Light of Masonry: “God gave Solomon great wisdom and understanding, and knowledge to vast to be measured.” 1 Kings 4:29 NLT

With “Brotherly Love,”
Ed Halpaus
Grand Lodge Education Officer

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Saturday, October 01, 2005

The Masonic Apron - October 01, 2005

T.F.S.
Three, five, and seven
3 5 7
By Ed Halpaus, Grand Lodge Education Officer.
Number 60 – October 01, 2005

This publication, while it is printed with the permission of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of A.F. & A. M. of Minnesota, contains the writings and opinions of Ed Halpaus and is not in any way the opinion of the Grand Lodge of Minnesota.

“Love is like linen often chang’d, the sweeter.” Phineas Fletcher [1582-1650]

Freemasons are said to be properly clothed when they are wearing the white Apron of a Freemason, and in some jurisdictions he should also be wearing white gloves. (The white gloves are symbolic of clean hands, the white aprons of purity, so the two combined could be held as symbolic of a pure heart and harmless hands.)

I said a Mason is properly clothed when he is wearing his apron. Sometimes when I am present at degree work I will hear the words Clad and Clothed used in the wrong place as a description of what a Mason is wearing. Clothe is to cover with, as with clothing; to dress, attire, or to invest; in other words to provide with clothing.Clad is a preterit[i] and past participle of Clothe. So when some Masons are said to be clad in white gloves and aprons it means that they were clothed that way, and to say that a Mason ought to be clothed as an Entered Apprentice, for instance, it means that he should be wearing the Masonic Apron in the manner an Entered Apprentice is to wear it.

We as Masons know that the Masonic Apron, or Lambskin, is an emblem of innocence and the true badge of a Mason. The Operative Mason wore his apron to protect his clothing, but Speculative Masons wear the apron to remind themselves that they should protect themselves from the sins of the world.[ii]

When the new Entered Apprentice receives his Apron, is taught how to wear it, and learns some of the history and symbolism of it, he then has a symbol of Freemasonry that is a symbol that can give him many hours of study and learning. The Apron is composed of a square and a triangle; the square of the apron, (the shape of it,) is an oblong square, (being wider than it is long,) which is representative of the lodge room. The square also symbolizes the physical, the material nature of man which is the personality. The square is four sided and represents the lower-self, which is man’s fourfold lower nature; the physical, psychic, emotional and lower mental natures. The triangle of the apron symbolizes the threefold spirit;[iii] love, the higher-self, and the spiritual.

The apron is white to symbolize purity. Purity is different from innocence, because it includes the meaning of knowledge. A child can be rightly called innocent and pure, but the purity of a child is the purity of ignorance and inexperience, not the purity of knowledge and conscious choice,[iv] which the Mason is to strive toward. Freemasons, being adult men, have been tried by temptation in their lives and by resisting, overcoming, and learning from these experiences he has developed personal strength to be able to do a better job of resisting and overcoming in the future. That purity of life and conduct, which is represented by the white apron of the freemason, and which is essentially necessary to gain admission into the celestial Lodge is the purity that has the added meaning of knowledge, and of the resistance to wrong.

The white leather apron “symbolizes the purity which has experienced all temptations and adverse conditions and consciously prefers righteousness to unrighteousness.” The Lamb has always been considered a most innocent animal, but the significance and symbolism of the Lamb also includes another quality, which is of Masonic importance, and that is harmlessness.[v] The white color of the apron, regardless of whether it is constructed out of linen or of Lamb skin, represents and symbolizes innocence, purity, and harmlessness; the refusal to give offence or to harm another.

When the Masonic apron is looked at as a square and a triangle, (the square representing the lower part of human nature, and the triangle symbolizing the higher part,) when the triangle is folded up it symbolizes that the spirit, has not yet descended into the material world of the wearer, or his human nature, where it, (the spirit,) will begin the task of the redemption of the lower-self and the purification of the lower nature. The folding down over the square symbolizes the descent of the Spirit of the higher-self into the lower-self.

The square of the apron, as has been mentioned already, is not quite square and thus it symbolizes the imperfection of our lower nature, but the square of the apron also symbolizes the proper development of human nature and shows the attainment and the means we must use to reach the development of ourselves.[vi]


[vii] [Note for reader, for some reason the diagram of the Apron did not copy to the web site. Ed]

When we look at the diagram of the Square of the apron, the bottom edge of the Apron symbolizes the lowest and basest of human nature; selfishness. From the bottom of the apron rising along the two sides are lines which symbolize progress of development from the lower nature of selfishness to the higher unselfishness. The two lines symbolize that our progress toward the goal of spiritual enlightenment must progress by two different lines which lead both to the heart and the head, (the emotional and the intellectual,) both lines are constructive and both supplement each other.[viii]

Masonry is a progressive science, and both of these lines need to be followed to avoid becoming one-sided, and to become balanced in order to have our personal apron properly formed. When both lines are followed intelligently and when the top line of the lower part of the apron is reached, and we have developed the quality of unselfishness, we are ready to progress still further.

Finally we will arrive at the triangle of the apron which represents the spiritual-self the higher-self which represents the great quality of love. Love is symbolized by the bottom line of the triangle. This is the pure spiritual love which we learn about in the first degree when we are told of the Theological Virtues: Faith, Hope and Charity. Charity means love of ones fellow-men; good will to others; leniency in judging others or their actions. Charity is the pure spiritual Love emphasized in Matthew 22:37-40
The turning up of the right-hand corner of the square of the apron symbolizes the work of the triangle in raising up the lower-self, the turning up denotes a partial success of our higher-self over our lower natures, but it is quickly returned to the to fellow-craft form when we remember the square of the apron represents the personality.[ix] The material part of man and the triangle represents our spirit or our higher-self which has come down into the material nature to battle against the lusts and passions of our lower natures which we are attempting to subdue so that we may improve in Masonry.

While we all, most likely, have our own personal white leather apron we many times will use a linen apron furnished by our lodge at our stated and special communications. This does not interfere with any of the symbolism of the apron; a linen apron actually has the further symbolism of righteousness. In the book of Revelation, speaking about ‘The Marriage supper of the Lamb’ in Chapter 19 verse 8 it says: “It was given to her to clothe herself in fine linen, bright and clean; for the fine linen is [representative of] the righteous acts of the Saints.” NASB[x]

“No perfumes, but very fine linen, plenty of it, and country washing.”
Beau Brummell [1778-1840]

More Light – Mehr Licht ©, Masonic Matters © and T.F.S. ©, are sent out by E-mail at no charge to anyone who would like to receive them. If you enjoy these publications please share them with others. To subscribe to any one or all of these publications just send an E-mail to ed@halpaus.net with Subscribe and the Title, or ‘all 3’, in the subject line and you will be added to the list to receive the publication you want.

“Is not old wine wholesomest, old pippins toothsomest, old wood burn brightest, old linen wash whitest? Old soldiers, sweethearts, are surest, and old lovers are soundest.”
John Webster [1580-1625]

Ancipitis usus = [Latin] = Of twofold use.

From the Great Light of Masonry: “Therefore as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience.”
Colossians 3:12

With “Brotherly Love,”
Ed Halpaus
Grand Lodge Education Officer

“Be merry be wise.”
Brother Tom Hendrickson
Senior Grand Steward, Grand Lodge of Minnesota
[i] i.e.: By gone; past. Denoting past action, or to state simply a continuance.
[ii] Masonic concordance of the Holy Bible #940E
[iii] The Lost Key #’s 159-160
[iv] ibid #161
[v] ibid #162
[vi] ibid #164 -165
[vii] ibid page 91
[viii] ibid #167
[ix] ibid #196
[x] New American Standard bible

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